Physics of Tsunamis Essay examples - 1377 Words

Physics of Tsunamis This paper will discuss the physics and warning systems of tsunamis, a destructive wave force that researchers have been studying for many years. Tsunamis are different than tides or surface waves because undersea earthquakes, instead of winds or the gravitational pull of the moon or sun, generate them. They can reach speeds of up to 700 kilometers per hour but can be undetected until they reach shallow water, then unexpectedly arise as deadly waves. Tsunamis evolve from three physical processes, which are generation, propagation, and inundation of dry land. The propagation phase is the most understood, whereas generation and inundation are more difficult to model with computer simulations. Researchers apply a†¦show more content†¦The Japanese word tsunami translates literally as â€Å"harbor wave†, because a tsunami can speed silently and undetected across the ocean, then unexpectedly arise as destructively high waves in shallow coastal waters. Tsunamis have a very powerful, long reach. They can transport destructive energy from their source to coastlines thousands of kilometers away. Hawaii, because of its mid-ocean location, is especially vulnerable to tsunamis. Regardless of their origin, tsunamis evolve through three overlapping but distinct physical processes; generation by any force that disturbs the water column, propagation from deeper water near the source to shallow coastal areas, and inundation of dry land. Of these, the propagation phase is most understood, whereas generation and inundation are more difficult to model with computer simulations. Generation is the process by which a seafloor disturbance, such as movement along a fault, reshapes the sea surface into a tsunami. Direct measurements of the seafloor motion have never been available but modelers assume that the displacement is identical to that of the ocean floor. Researchers use an idealized model of the quake and assume the crustal plates slip past one another along a simple, rectangular plane inside the earth. Even then, predicting the tsunami’s initial height requires at least ten parameters that researchers must estimate, which is the reason that this first simulation frequency underestimates inundation,Show MoreRelated Physics of Tsunamis Essay960 Words   |  4 PagesTsunamis are waves, or series of waves, created by a disturbance in the ocean. Most of the time this disturbance is by an earthquake but can be from meteorites, landslides, or even explosions. They are sometimes known as tidal waves but this is a misnomer because tsunamis have nothing to do with tides. While tsunamis are feared particularly in light of the December 26th tsunami, the physics behind them is fascinating. One the largest tsunamis in recent history was the Cascadia tsunami in 1700Read MoreA Report On Marine Geophysicists1081 Words   |  5 Pagesgeophysicists is the peculiarity of tsunamis that impel such extensive danger. After 2004, a 9.1 earthquake induced the Indian Tsunami that killed more than 250,000 people and left a million others affected in one day, people started to observe the amount of destruction caused by tsunamis (Helal Mehanna, 2008, p.787). The disaster was of such a magnitude that now has educated most people about the subject. The idea of it being a usual wave began to seem unlikely. Tsunamis are provoked by different phenomenaRead MoreMonetary Policy And Housing Markets Essay959 Words   |  4 Pagesperiod than actually occurred†¦ thus indirectly the Fed’s interest rate policies contributed to the housing bubble.† The effects of monetary policy played in the housing market development was significant that it sent tsunami waves across the U.S housing market. Like the laws gravity in physics states an object that goes up must come down, the financial market also relates to that theory as the market goes through ups and downs during the fiscal years. U.S was going through a recession in 2006 era and thenRead MoreAnalysis : Falling Celestial Bodies : Asteroid Trajectory And Impact Duration 4 Weeks1480 Words   |  6 PagesTHIS FORM WITH FINAL ASSESSMENT Student Identification: Grade 11 SUBJECT DETAILS SUBJECT Physics Year 2015 TEACHER Term 2 UNIT TITLE â€Å"Falling† Celestial Bodies: Asteroid Trajectory and Impact Duration 4 weeks General Assessment Information This is an individual, non-experimental research based assessment item. Students may however, work collaborativelyRead MorePersonal Statement753 Words   |  4 Pagesconsidered these people my journalism professors, and worked with them to develop the skills I still use to translate research and scientiï ¬ c news for my audiences. Because of my bachelor’s degree in physics, my main focus was on space science, though I also reported on major events such as the Indonesian tsunami and the 2005 Kashmir earthquake. On a more ongoing basis, I researched, designed, and presented a wide variety of programs on many topics, such as the This Week In Space Science live/multimediaRead MoreRogue Waves2080 Words   |  9 Pagesdescribe these troughs as riding a down elevator. Further, rogue waves differ from tsunamis and tidal waves in that the latter are both extremely rare instances which are caused by an earthquake, volcanic eruptions, or landslide which displaces a large volume of water, thus creating a single large wave whereas rogue waves are more of a more regular and fundamental property of the sea (BBC par. 8; McDonald A21). Moreover, tsunamis are relatively small waves in height but long in length whereas rogue wavesRead MoreBoston Molasses Disaster855 Words   |  3 PagesOn the fateful January day in 1919, a sound described as machine gun fire was heard, and a fifteen foot wave came crashing through the street at thirty five miles an hour, killing dozens and injuring hundreds more. Many scientists point out that a tsunami that size would not have caused such devastating effects, due to molasses being a non-Newtonian fluid. Depending on how the molasses is made, it can have 5,000 to 10,000 times the viscosity of water. Swimming through the substance is nearly impossibleRead MoreTides1740 Words   |  7 Pagesphenomenal Fundy Tides, which overpower the rivers flowing into the Bay of Fundy and reverse their direction two times a day. Extraordinary tides occur when the tidal wave length is two to four times the length of the Bay. By virtue of blind luck or physics, the tide is amplified into a standing wave, like water sloshing in a bathtub. For a breaking wave to form, the surging tide must meet an obstacle. When the ocean meets the river going in the opposite direction, the sea hesitates, piles up behindRead MoreDisasters Caused By Natural Disasters1175 Words   |  5 Pagesbe classified as either a human caused disaster which basically involves the negligence or irresponsibility of one single person or a group of people, or natural caused disasters. Natural disas ters may happen due to volcanic eruption, earthquakes, tsunamis, etc. and many other causes. Sometimes disaster can also be intertwined between both human caused and natural disasters. In this essay we are going to talk about some of the most famous engineering disaster which has an intertwined fate with naturalRead MoreAnne: Armageddon Reaction Paper1265 Words   |  6 Pagesserious. Not so. The best description of Armageddon is an action-adventure film sprinkled with comedy. Every effort is made to excite and entertain. No effort is made to educate or inform. Scientific accuracy is tossed out the window. The laws of physics are continually violated in order to maximize the drama. What happened to the good old movie classics that tried to teach us something about life?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is amazing that the asteroid is able days in advance to send warning signals consisting of

Conflict between islam and christianity Essay Example For Students

Conflict between islam and christianity Essay The Conflict Between Christendom And IslamSince Islam came into being, it has clashed numerously with the already established Christianity. Their rivalry has never ceased until today. Modern Examples would be Bosnia and Lebanon. There were not only military clashes but political as well as economical. Although, the rivalry was incredibly intense, ironically, Arabic or Islamic culture managed to severely influence the Christian kingdoms. However, Christianity used all the advantages provided by Islam to their advantage and through that they managed to keep the Arabs at bay. Islamic civilization and its rise were thanks to one man and that is the last prophet, Prophet Muhammad. Islam came into being in 622AD and it was the last of the great civilizations. Islam managed to push the Arabs into a new kind of Unity , which at the same time spread far beyond Arabia, Persians, Indians, North African countries and parts of Europe came under its domination. The Arabs managed to capture most of the most powerful economic areas. In the Mediterranean their navy conquered Cyprus and crippled Byzantine sea power. They first clashed with the Christians when they tried to besiege Constantinople. In 711 they started their raids into Spain and in 716 they conquered it. They tried to conquer France but the Franks under the leader Charles Martel handed the Arabs their first defeat. From the end of the 7th century till the middle of the 11th, the Mediterranean remained something of a Muslim lake and western trade with East Asia wasnt cut off during these centuries, it was significantly diminished and carried on in awareness of Muslim dominance. ( Craig, Graham, Kagan, Turner, The heritage of western civ. In the early Middle Ages the main power in Europe was always the Pope and later in the 700s it was shared with Charlemagne. The combination of these two managed to keep the Arab invasions at bay. But the Christians did benefit with their contact with Islamic culture. The aggressiveness of the Arabs forced western Europeans to rely on their own resources and to develop their own By diverting the focus and energys of the Byzantine Empire, the Arabs prevented it from expanding into Western Europe allowing the Franks and the Lombargs to gain power. And by controlling their Mediterranean Western access to eastern trade and cultural influence was diminished. There was also a lot of creative interchange between these two cultures. The Arab civilization taught western farmers irrigation, the tanning of leather, refinition of silk and educated their scholars. Down to the 16th century the basic gynecological and childcare manuals were compilations of the famous Iranian Islamic scholars physician and philosophers like Razi, Kharazmi and Ibm-Sina were still utilized. These scholars made some of the greatest discoveries. For example Kharazmi discovered the significance of alcohol in medications. ( Cargill, Menzont, Interaction of civ. Pp Relations between the two during those times were not always antagonistic. In 802 Charlemagne received, from the caliph, Harun-al-Rashid, a white elephant. In truth the Christians made not only a great amount of wealth due their contacts with the Arabs with a whole deal of knowledge which led to their ascendancy of power during the Renaissance years. Civilization in Western Europe gained much more than it could have ever before. Another fact about the Islamic civilization was that they were quite a tolerant and practical race. Their tolerance of certain religions like the Jews provided more distaste between the Christians and themselves. This was an antagonism between the two until recently when the Arabs revolted against the new state of Israel. ( Jacobs, Fisher, Einzholdt, Islamic Heritage, Pp 192) There were times when Islamic culture actually managed to influence not only the culture but the religion of the Christians as well. .u105a9c02a8eadf5e2705897c3451a788 , .u105a9c02a8eadf5e2705897c3451a788 .postImageUrl , .u105a9c02a8eadf5e2705897c3451a788 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u105a9c02a8eadf5e2705897c3451a788 , .u105a9c02a8eadf5e2705897c3451a788:hover , .u105a9c02a8eadf5e2705897c3451a788:visited , .u105a9c02a8eadf5e2705897c3451a788:active { border:0!important; } .u105a9c02a8eadf5e2705897c3451a788 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u105a9c02a8eadf5e2705897c3451a788 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u105a9c02a8eadf5e2705897c3451a788:active , .u105a9c02a8eadf5e2705897c3451a788:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u105a9c02a8eadf5e2705897c3451a788 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u105a9c02a8eadf5e2705897c3451a788 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u105a9c02a8eadf5e2705897c3451a788 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u105a9c02a8eadf5e2705897c3451a788 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u105a9c02a8eadf5e2705897c3451a788:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u105a9c02a8eadf5e2705897c3451a788 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u105a9c02a8eadf5e2705897c3451a788 .u105a9c02a8eadf5e2705897c3451a788-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u105a9c02a8eadf5e2705897c3451a788:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Human Genome And A Look Into Schizophrenia Biology Essay For instance, during the siege of Constantinople in 730 when Leo III managed to repulse the invaders he also got ideas to change certain parts of the Christian religion. He forebade the use of images in Eastern churches and tried to enforce the ban in the West, even though his efforts insulted the Western churches. ( www. UCLA In 1071, the Byzantine Empire was handed a major defeat by the Muslim Seljuq Turks who soon, rapidly, overran the eastern provinces of the Empire. After twenty years of steady Turkish advances, the Eastern Emperor asked for Western Aid in 1092. The reply in three years was the launch of the first Crusades. A century later ( 1204 ) the Crusaders would inflict more damage on Constantinople and Eastern Christendom than all previous non-Christian The first crusade was a risky venture. But for the Pope and the nobility, it was to their advantage to send large amounts of nobles to fight, mainly because of the small feuds back home between idle and restless noble youths. The nobility also recognized the vast amounts of fortunes they could make in these wars. However, in the first crusade, religion was almost the only motive encouraging the crusaders apart from economics. The Christians thought the first crusade was an immense success. The second crusade was a disaster. ( Craig, Graham, Ozment, Turner, Heritage of world civ. Pp 347-350 )In 1187, Saladin reconquered Jerusalem. The third crusade, in the 12th century, enlisted the most powerful Western rulers like King Richard the lion heart of England. But all it lead to was a lot of the peoples tax money being wasted. Overall, the crusades were both a political and religious failure. However, it did stimulate Western trade and interaction with the East.The Arabs would not have been able to spread their beliefs in the Mesopotamian areas if it wasnt for the already existing conflicts between the different types of Christian sects. Even though they were all Semitic as a result, many Egyptians and Syrian Christians, hoping for deliverance from Byzantine oppression, may have welcomed the Islamic conquerors. Even though the Muslims were quite tolerant of other religions, they were quite sensitive and tried to maintain the purity of their religion and culture, the Arabs forbade mixed marriages. Special taxes on conquered people encouraged them to convert to Islam. ( Jacobs, Fisher, Einzholdt, Islamic Heritage, Pp 235-241)The conclusion, which I have come by, is that Islam and Christianity had nothing against each other except for economics and power. Although at one point they fought with each other, mercilessly, their conflict has managed not to only destroy but to create as well. Trade between the Eastern and Western side of the world was one of the greatest interactions between the two. The Western civilizations have managed to not only increase their material wealth but also at the same time, gained immense knowledge, which helped them to develop at an incredible pace. Knowledge which has increased their culture and development. I think that throughout the centuries and millennias conflict has usually been the source of not only devastation but also incredible creation. Bibliography:www.blablqa.com